A new 3-alkylpyridine alkaloid from the marine sponge Haliclona sp. and its cytotoxic activity

A new alkaloid, 3-dodecyl pyridine containing a terminal cyano group (1), was isolated from the methanol extract of an Indonesia marine sponge Haliclona sp. Its chemical structure was determined by a combination of spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR. Bioassay results indicated that compound 1 had moderate cytotoxity against tumour cell lines A549, MCF-7 and Hela with IC₅₀ values of 41.8, 48.4 and 33.2 μM, respectively.     

Chemical constituents of the mangrove-associated fungus Capnodium sp. SZ-F22. A new eremophilane sesquiterpene

A new eremophilane sesquiterpene, capnodiumone (1), along with five known eremophilane sesquiterpenes (2–6) and eight other compounds (7–14), have been isolated from a mangrove-associated fungus Capnodium sp. SZ-F22. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The broth extract of the fungus exhibited a good inhibitory effect on the mycelium growth against Fusarium graminearum at 100 μg/mL, however, all the 14 compounds showed no expected antifungal activity. The probable reasons were discussed.     

Quantification of polyphenols and flavonoid content and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of Stenocereus stellatus extracts

The hexanic, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts from branches of Stenocereus stellatus were tested in both the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) – induced ear oedema model and antimicrobial activity assay. The % of oedema inhibition, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), as well as the polyphenolic and flavonoid content were determined. Also, extracts were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In TPA model, the three extracts showed moderate oedema inhibition. In the antimicrobial activity assay, methanolic extract shows better MIC against all strains. The lowest MICs were for Candida albicans (31 μg/mL) and Rhizopus sp. (15 μg/mL). Also, 50.78 mg eq. of gallic acid/g extract of polyphenol and 115.12 mg eq. of catequine/g extract of flavonoids content were founded in ethyl acetate extract. In the chromatographic analysis, β-sitosterol, β-amyrine, betulin and some other molecules were identified. The results show that S. stellatus possess antimicrobial activities against some fungus species.     

Metachromins L-Q, new sesquiterpenoid quinones with an amino acid residue from sponge Spongia sp.

Six new sesquiterpenoid quinones with an amino acid residue, metachromins L-Q (1-6), have been isolated from an Okinawan marine sponge Spongia sp. The structures and stereochemistry of 1-6 were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic data and chemical correlations. Metachromins L (1) and M (2) showed modest cytotoxicity.     

Trisorbicillinone A, a novel sorbicillin trimer, from a deep sea fungus, Phialocephala sp. FL30r

A novel sorbicillin trimer, trisorbicillinone A (1), was isolated from a deep sea fungus, Phialocephala sp. FL30r. The structure and relative stereochemistry of 1 were determined based on spectroscopic methods. Trisorbicillinone A (1) showed cytotoxicity against P388 and HL60 cells with the IC₅₀ value of 9.10 and 3.14 μM, respectively.     

Chryseobaterium s p. S 7溶藻过程光谱学特性及机理研究

藻类的大量繁殖对饮用水源、养殖业、旅游业以及人类健康造成了极大的影响。溶藻细菌作为一种生物控制手段,在控制藻类爆发方面显示出了极大的潜力。课题组前期分离获得一株金黄杆菌属溶藻菌Chryseobaterium sp.S7,研究发现该菌株具有明显的溶藻作用,作用方式为通过分泌溶藻物质进行间接溶藻,为进一步揭示该菌的溶藻特征及机理,以铜绿微囊藻为目标藻种,运用UV-Vis,EEMs,FTIR和FCM技术,分析Chryseobaterium sp.S7溶藻过程的光谱特性。实验结论如下：将菌株发酵液与藻液共培养7 d,利用UV-Vis和EEMs技术对藻细胞Chla含量与PC荧光值变化趋势进行分析,结果显示：藻细胞Chla含量在第1 d便开始下降,表明在短时间内,细菌胞外溶藻物质便可快速作用于藻细胞,第7 d时Chla去除率为59.37%。藻细胞PC荧光值也呈现下降趋势,与Chla变化趋势表现为一致性,表明在溶藻过程中伴有Chla和PC的减少。FTIR分析结果显示：藻细胞结构中的C=O, C-H,O-H键分别在1 647,2 927和3 475~3 437 cm-1处的吸收峰强度明显减弱,表明藻细胞内的多糖物质和蛋白质结构可能被破坏,处于2 500~1 700 cm-1范围的若干小吸收峰则进一步表明藻细胞解体的现象。分别在共培养第3 d和第7 d时对藻液进行PI特异染色,应用FCM对藻细胞PI特异性荧光和Chla,PC自发荧光特性进行分析,结果显示,在细菌S7的溶藻过程中,藻细胞PI特异性荧光逐渐增强,Chla、PC自发荧光呈下降趋势、表明藻细胞膜、Chla、PC三者破坏程度在溶藻过程中具有紧密的内在联系和较高的一致性。溶藻过程中藻细胞表现为多种形式的损伤,且损伤处于动态变化过程中,由Q1（Q5）区细胞按顺序逐步向Q4（Q8）区细胞移动。推测Chryseobaterium sp.S7可能的溶藻过程为：细菌将溶藻活性物质释放到细胞外,溶藻活性物质通过破坏铜绿微囊藻细胞膜中的多糖和蛋白质的结构,增加膜的通透性,进一步破坏胞体内的Chla,PC和DNA/RNA等物质,使藻体裂解死亡,最终形成细胞碎片。通过对Chryseobaterium sp.S7溶藻过程藻细胞的光谱学特性的分析,初步揭示了Chryseobaterium sp.S7的溶藻机理,为微生物控藻及修复技术提供了理论依据。     

云南美登木内生真菌Phomopsis sp. Lz42的化学成分

从云南美登木内生真菌Phomopsis species Lz42的琼脂平板发酵物中分离得到2个倍半萜和5个麦角甾醇类化合物(1~7), 其中化合物1和2为新化合物. 应用波谱技术确定其结构为4-Deacetyl-10-oxo-dihydrobotrydial(1)和麦角甾-6,22-二烯-5α,8α-环二氧-3-甲酸酯(2).     

Changes in the mechanical properties of compression moulded samples of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) degraded by Streptomyces omiyaensis SSM 5670

Streptomyces omiyaensis SSM 5670 was characterized by its ability to use compression moulded samples of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) as its sole carbon source. Biodegradation of PHBV in liquid mineral salts medium was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, gravimetric measurements, capillary viscometry, tensile testing and wide angle X-ray spectroscopy. The biodegradation of PHBV proceeds via surface erosion mechanism, resulting in the formation of pits by microbial attack. PHBV specimens lost about 45% of their original weight after 45 days of exposure. During the degradation process the elastic modulus reduces less than 10%. The formation of pores and microcracks initiated at the degraded pits determines the reduction of the elongation and stress at break. However, the true stress at break is practically independent of the degradation time. No significant changes of PHBV molecular weight or crystallinity were observed during biodegradation. The polymer chain cleavage occurred only at the specimen surface and does not discriminate between crystalline and amorphous states.